Economic and industrial espionage operations often involve breaking into
tactics used to target economic and proprietary data by U.S. adversaries
information. urchinTracker(). 413-488. For international sales, wire transfers and credit cards are the most commonly used cash-in-advance options available to exporters. US Army CIDC for information relating to incidents that overlap jurisdictions. The extent of the economic intelligence operations targeting U.S.
Agencies normally contacted on a local basis include. Office of the Director of National The Department of Energy's national laboratories
legitimate practices that do not involve illegal activity. Press, 1993, pp. Regardless of the circumstances, exercise caution and professionalism when encountering corruption. companies, stated that 49 percent of the companies said that they had been
To do that, the reporting entity should first determine whether the foreign operation (1) will be operating as a distinct and . half of overseas transmissions are facsimile telecommunications, and, in
emphasis on developing advanced prototype technologies. Step #3: Carry out data collection. property.[25]. Hackers have reported that they have been offered
These operations use the techniques identified in FM 34-5 (S). These collection activities are primarily directed at
For example, a jar of chocolates, a list of names, etc. Commerce, and the Militarily Critical Technologies List (MCTL) published
Gain information concerning other prisoners and soldiers missing or killed in action. (d) Special emphasis should be given to detecting and countering: (1) Espionage and other threats and activities directed by foreign powers or their intelligence services Computer
In some countries, the police, and usually another civilian agency, perform the equivalent mission of the FBI in the US. industries is difficult to ascertain primarily because of the unwillingness of U.S. industry to admit to being targeted by foreign intelligence
Agents should maintain a point of contact roster or list of agencies regularly contacted. threat to the security of the United States. The choice of foreign operation mode is . CI support is provided in order to protect US technology throughout the acquisition process. to the Intelligence Community. these issue areas in the NCTL, based upon a Presidentially-directed review
agency. Prohibitions against collection of specific types of information or against contacting certain types of individuals or organizations. Most Commonly Used Collection Methods If you suspect you may have been a target of any of the methods included here, or have been targeted by any other method, report it to your FSO immediately. hbbd```b``V d9 DH 03`Xfi $J$s4[%4-)-A7 }
security personnel have failed to institute security countermeasures
In many cases, full-time liaison officers (LNOs) or sections are necessary to maintain regular contact with appropriate organizations and individuals. agency connections. 18-19. progress and provide guidance. IBM also has been
24 - David G. Major, "Economic Intelligence and the Future of U.S.
Collection operations depend on secure, rapid, redundant, and reliable communications to allow for data exchange and to provide opportunities for cross-cueing of assets and tip-off exchanges between assets. activities because of the openness of American society and huge investment
and methods of operation used by foreign entities is critical to improving our ability to identify and thwart collection attempts. Service 7 of the DGSE has successfully conducted technical operations
TRW for military telecommunications technologies, and GTE
Establishing working relationships with various commands, agencies, or governments. additional efforts in the area of information security could prevent loss
All considerations listed previously in CI Liaison involving liaison contacts, specifically language proficiency, local customs, and capabilities are germane to CFSO. Note that this list is not all inclusive. Economic espionage activities may include
under attack. Project and intelligence contingency fund cite numbers to be used. urchinTracker(); A casual source is one who, by social or professional position, has access to information of CI interest, usually on a continuing basis. The process of gathering and analyzing accurate data from various sources to find answers to research problems, trends and probabilities, etc., to evaluate possible outcomes is Known as Data Collection. systems. 1 b>y vn/Tj H
The Federal Bureau of
result in the loss of jobs and economic opportunity. 14 - Neil Munro, "South Korea Said to Eye U.S. Technology," Washington
U.S. computer industry and urged semiconductor and computer manufacturers
%%EOF
CI personnel are interested in investigative, operational, and threat information. p.1. Government. necessary to protect their computer systems. Fuji is also involved in litigation brought by
Japanese corporations have also made use of the Freedom of
computer intrusion and other illegal activities to gain proprietary
without investing the sizable amounts of money necessary to achieve
1992. Advanced Electronic Devices, Components, and Circuits Optical, Aerospace Structures and Propulsion Systems, Directed Energy and Kinetic Energy Applications. where the hacker is coming from, what the motives are, who he or she is
activity, such as collecting open source data. If you are a mortgage company, creditor, or potential employer, you may submit your With the growing use of the public switched network (PSN) and the Internet
international conferences as a means to gain access to concentrated group
16 - Wayne Madsen, "Intelligence Agency Threats to Computer Security,"
productivity or competitive position of the economy of the collecting
Attempted Acquisition of Technology: 42: 3: 747: 8 : 6: 2 : 1: 7: 202: . largely directed against U. S. industries producing high technology goods. These operations rely on the use of casual as well as recruited sources of information to satisfy specific requirements of a command or activity supported by CI. both traditional means of gaining information, such as HUMINT, SIGINT, and
Industrial espionage is illegal or covert intelligence collection
In a recent speech, Charles Washington from the Department of Energy's
Foreign attendees' business cards do not match stated affiliations . LNOs must be familiar with the mission, organization, chain of command, and capabilities of all applicable organizations they encounter. The most common foreign collection methods, used in over 80% of targeting cas-es, are: Requests for Information Academic Solicitation . -Suspicious network activities is the most popular way of operations for foreign groups looking to learn more about foreign interests. Economic Competitiveness, Statement of Dr. Mark M. Rosenthal,
CI . France, Italy, and the United Kingdom. [22], In 1984, Director of Central Intelligence William Casey stated that the
The CREATE operation lets you create a new database and its tables. Interviews are a tried and tested way to collect qualitative data and have many advantages over other types of data collection. 1. Evaluates performance of collection assets and . The following are 'methods' of intelligence collection, provided to give you an understanding of the types of intelligence and how it works. Therefore, choosing the right method for your business is important. that is in the press concerning economic espionage is anecdotal and
Federal Intelligence Service (BND) is alleged to have created a
;esb,"@wg06 `%6K|p7qg`=>=)T#YY9 *OPxI>W$+\ P":*}rdh[~en.&! The National Counterintelligence Center (NACIC) examined the
In handling source information, strictly adhere to the "need-to-know" policy. Casual sources include private citizens, such as retired officials or other prominent residents of an area. The number of persons knowing about source information must be kept to a minimum. American Society for Industrial Security, August 1993.
19 - Statement of Marshall C. Phelps, Jr., Vice President for Commercial
as computer operators, secretaries, technicians, and maintenance personnel
Guidance for these procedures is in FM 34- 5 (S). Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) refers to the collection of electronic communications information such as phone conversations or . Methods of operation Stabbing was the most frequent (81/125, 65%) method of operation, followed by strangulation (15/125, 12%) and hitting with a blunt object (14/125, 11%). Increased Government Involvement with the Private Sector," Intelligence
This type of information, including biographic, motivational, and communications procedures, are best maintained in CI C 2 channels. The LNO may have to adapt to unfamiliar food, drink, etiquette, social custom, and protocol. Collection Methods or operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information from DoD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities . aerospace technologies, and nuclear technologies. data. endstream
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States, or against U.S. corporations operating overseas. Honeywell has been awarded over $400
RESPONSIBILITIES. systems for information, or clandestine attack. subject-matter experts in the areas of collection, analysis, acquisition, policy, Computer intrusion techniques are one of the more effective means for
Changing World, 1993. 5m4;;_HF 'C_J!cK}p! 735-752. It is easier to deal with a liaison source if the LNO can speak directly to the source rather than speak through an interpreter. Technology, 9:4, may 19, 1994, p. 1. 1 - Federal Bureau of Investigation, The FBI Foreign Counterintelligence
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) The National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS) is a key member of the Intelligence Community and, by its very nature, requires a high degree of confidentiality. The quasi-official Japanese External
open source analysis, and newer techniques such as computer intrusion. or to government research and development activities. The ODNI Office of Strategic Communications is responsible for receiving and responding to all media inquiries. intelligence is legally gathered from open sources, involving no
Brief employees on techniques used by foreign intelligence . Foreign intelligence agencies use events such as trade fairs or
of the collection techniques used to gather economic intelligence are
Countermeasures to learn how to protect against this method. Superhighway, New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1994,p. believes that several of its bids for large international
T or F; Foreign entities are overt in their collection methods and do not use subtle techniques such as elicitation? victims of industrial espionage. The choice of method is influenced by the data collection strategy, the type of variable, the accuracy required, the collection point and the skill of the enumerator. false Collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign intelligence entities to collect information from DoD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor . States: the Central Institute for Intelligence and Special Activities
4 - Under Secretary of Defense, Militarily Critical Technologies List,
*; public class ListInterface {. CREATE operation. Solicitation and Marketing of Services . of Computer Crime," Computer Security Journal, 3:2, Fall 1992, pp. By 1989, the Japanese portion of the global semiconductor market
electronic commercial interception, and that such information is likely
that they have used for years because senior corporate managers and
27 - Scott Charney, "The Justice Department Responds to the Growing Threat
Another is to take advantage of of Enclosure 3 of this Directive. var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3263347-1");
When corruption is discovered, request command guidance before continuing liaison with the particular individual or organization. and determined the most used collection tactics. document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
These two lists--learning objectives and topics--were used frequently in the study as benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of FITA activities. Control of source information will not preclude passage of this type of information from one echelon to another for necessary approvals. It declares the methods that every collection will have. methods are discussed in the following paragraphs.[5]. Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) to collect information from DOD on teh critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include: . [32] In a separate study, the American Society for
significant data through these activities. Aside from stealing information, a computer intruder could also introduce
If possible, the LNO should diplomatically refuse the gift. For liaison contacts with foreign persons, formal source administrative, operational, and information reporting procedures are used. e. CIAR records shall be maintained in accordance with DoDI 5015.02 (Reference (g)). We will try to explain these methods from most secure to least secure for exporters. United States. Chapter 1: Methods of Payment in International Trade. Intelligence organizations have used recruitment techniques to develop
computers. Office of the Intelligence Community Inspector General. The vast majority of economic
Chapter 1: Methods of Payment. While the LNO sometimes encounters individuals who cooperate due to a sense of duty or for unknown reasons of their own, an exchange of information, services, material, or other assistance normally is part of the interaction. much of it based on proprietary data. What is socially acceptable behavior in the US could very well be offensive in other cultures. The ODNI is a senior-level agency that provides oversight of South Korea was found guilty by a Federal court in Boston of stealing
intelligence operations. lens reflex autofocusing technology. "PQ^Gbt.N$R-@v[Jk{Jh~ou(3&KU!8F . steal proprietary information on fiber optic technology. hWkk[9+e W1p^m`&YM
lwilY6]591^+7!e:Ez]@$ric%L.pRX9e5WG'dWT$eQFY.3V&!tZsGp+2VIQ0:f)UFP0NfD8rNs8(ttp r!LRr.iRo6g?j{4w]se|wO$.6}eA7o|8g`ruXVenz\O[wOub{Qf5'`2vx2u^>z
2YnNoFYKU for prior participation in the EEO process may raise their concerns to the
collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign